CIVIL
SEMINAR TOPICS
List of topics
which you can selects for your presentation of last year.
·
Corrosion Of Reinforcement In HVFA Concrete
Corrosion of reinforcements has been one
of the major challenges that the civil engineers have been facing. Corrosion
leads to the formation of rust which results in the spilling of concrete
which in turn leads to the exposure of rebar to the aggressive environment.
This will accelerate the ill effects and ultimately leads to the breakdown of
the structure. Corrosion mainly occurs in areas of aggressive environment such
as coastal regions. It is very important that corrosion of reinforcement must
be prevented in order to have a durable structure. Even though there are many
methods to prevent corrosion, most of them are uneconomical and requires great
skill. Some of the recent studies in various parts of the world have revealed
that high volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete can protect the steel reinforcement
more efficiently, so that it can resist corrosion, and thus the structure as a
whole. HVFA concrete is a type of concrete in which a part of the cement is
replaced by fly ash, which is an industrial waste. Thus the implementation of h
v f a concrete can minimize corrosion in an effective way. Moreover it can lead
to much durable structure without considerable increase in cost.
Silica fume is also referred to as micro
silica or condensed silica fume but the term silica fume has been generally
accepted. It is a by-product of manufacture of silica and ferrosilicon alloys
from high purity quartz and coal in a submerged arc electric furnace. It is
reported that the addition of ultra fine particle in HPC improves the strength
of concrete. The optimum silica fume proportions in between 20% and 25% by
weight of concrete. In itself silica fume does not have any binding properties,
but it reacts with calcium hydroxide on hydration of cement and produces the
gel i.e. calcium silicate hydrate which has good binding properties. Silica
fume has been used in manufacture of high strength concrete.
Self
Compacting Concrete (SCC) is defined as a category
of High Performance Concrete that has excellent deformability in the fresh state
and high resistance to segregation, and can be placed and compacted under its
self weight without applying vibration. SCC was first developed in Japan in mid
1980. Since then, it has found applications in reinforced concrete sections
containing congested reinforcements. Poor quality of vibration of concrete, in
congested locations, has often been a shortcoming of traditional concrete. In
such situations, SCC, which flows under its self weight and does not require
any external vibration, has revolutionized the concrete placement.
Construction material subjected to
repetitive or cyclic loading have to be qualified for their fatigue
behaviour. Generally their behaviour is considered satisfactory if they
withstand two million cycle of repetitive loading without distress or failure
at that required mean stress level and range stress.
The recent research in reinforcing
Portland cement based material with randomly distributed fibres was spurred by
pioneering research or fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) conducted in the United
state in the 1960s.The addition of fibre in the concrete matrix improves the
monotonic flexural strength, flexural fatigue strength, impact strength, shock
resistance, ductility, and flexural toughness in concrete, besides delaying and
arresting crack proportion. Fatigue is often described by a parameter ‘Fatigue
life’ which essentially represents the number of cycles the material can
withstand under a given pattern of repetitive loading, before falling.
This paper presents the details of the
experimental investigations carried out at the structural engineering research
centre (S E R C) to study the behaviour of reinforced concrete beam cast at
different types of steel fibre in the concrete matrix and subjected to Fatigue
loading.
·
Stress Ribbon Bridges
Passive solar
heating and cooling represents an important strategy for displacing traditional
energy sources in buildings.
Passive solar techniques make use of the steady supply of solar energy by means
of building designs that carefully balance their energy requirements with the
building's site and window orientation. The term passive indicates that no
additional mechanical equipment is used, other than the normal building
elements. In this approach, the building itself or some element of it takes
advantage of natural energy characteristics in materials and air created by
exposure to the sun. Passive systems are simple, have few moving parts, and
require minimal maintenance and require no mechanical systems. All solar gains
are brought in through windows. All passive techniques use building elements
such as walls, windows, floors and roofs, in addition to exterior building
elements and landscaping, to control heat generated by solar radiation. Solar
heating designs collect and store thermal energy from direct sunlight. Passive
cooling minimizes the effects of solar radiation through shading or generating
airflows with convection ventilation. The benefits of using passive solar
techniques include simplicity, price and the design elegance of fulfilling
one's needs with materials at hand.
As a design approach, passive solar
design can take many forms. It can be integrated to greater or lesser degrees
in a building. Key considerations regarding passive design are determined by
the characteristics of the building site. The most effective designs are based
on specific understanding of a building site's wind patterns, terrain,
vegetation, solar exposure and other factors often requiring professional
architectural services. However, a basic understanding of these issues can have
a significant effect on the energy performance of a building.
Transportation
contributes to all round development of a country and hence plays a vital rate
towards its progress.
India, being predominantly rural in nature, road links is found to have
distinct advantages over other modes of transportation. The impact of highway
location on the environment is a major concern of the highway engineer and the
public. If the highways are not properly located and designed it will subject
to erosion and may contribute sediments to streams. The control of soil and
water is basic to the protection of the road structure and therefore highway
design, construction and maintenance procedure must be continually evaluated to
minimize erosion and sedimentation problems.
Erosion can be controlled to considerable
degree by geometric design and with proper provision for drainage and fitting
landscape development. Although some standardization of methods for minimizing
soil erosion is also possible. Also erosion process is a natural phenomenon
accelerated by man’s activity, technical competency is evaluating the severity
of erosion problem and the planning and design of preventive and corrective
measures is essential in obtaining economical and environmental satisfactory
methods for erosion control.
Different
types of Non-Destructive tests (NDT) are there
to detect voids and cracks in concrete such as Ultrasonic Pulse Echo,
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, Ground Penetrating Radar, Impact Echo Method, X-ray
Scanning Method, Rebound Hammer Method, Infrared Thermography Method.
In which Infrared Thermography method is
discussed in this paper
as concrete is used in newer areas and evidence is coming to light of premature deterioration in concrete structures there is a need to develop new methods for quality control at the time of concrete construction and for the evaluation of existing structures. Concrete specimens were designed and conditioned to represent some of the anomalies that may be found during construction and also in hardened concrete. From the study it emerges that Infrared Thermography is an effective tool for concrete placement and identifying location of voids and cracks in fresh and hardened concrete. It could be effectively used to narrow down areas that needed closer attention during an in-service inspection of concrete structures.
as concrete is used in newer areas and evidence is coming to light of premature deterioration in concrete structures there is a need to develop new methods for quality control at the time of concrete construction and for the evaluation of existing structures. Concrete specimens were designed and conditioned to represent some of the anomalies that may be found during construction and also in hardened concrete. From the study it emerges that Infrared Thermography is an effective tool for concrete placement and identifying location of voids and cracks in fresh and hardened concrete. It could be effectively used to narrow down areas that needed closer attention during an in-service inspection of concrete structures.
Trenchless
technology is a relatively new term that describes the installation of conduits
beneath roadways
without open-cutting. The term has been used on a global basis since the
mid-1980s. However, some of the methods referred to as trenchless methods are
not new. For example, auger boring and slurry boring have been used since the
1940s, and pipe jacking has been used since the early 1900s. These methods are
referred to as road boring techniques or horizontal earth boring techniques.
Nevertheless, many new trenchless techniques have been introduced and much
advancement has taken place with the more traditional techniques. Although most
of these methods require excavation for shafts, shaft locations usually can be
selected to avoid or minimize traffic disruption. It is anticipated that the
use of trenchless technology will continue to increase because of its inherent
advantages of minimizing disruption to society and reducing environmental
impact. Another driving force behind this increase is the benefit of avoiding
or minimizing the handling, volume, treatment and/or disposal of contaminated
soil. In many situations, these techniques have become cost-effective
alternatives to traditional open-cutting methods.
Use of
plastic products such as polythene bags, bottles,
containers and packing strips etc. is increasing day by day. As a result amount
of waste plastic also increased. This will leads to various environmental
problems. Many of the wastes produced today will remain in the environment for
many years leading to various environmental concerns. Therefore it is necessary
to utilize the wastes effectively with technical development in each field.
Many by-products are being produced using the plastic wastes. This paper
presents the details of studies, conducted by various researchers on the
possible use of waste plastic for soil stabilization. The results of the
studies indicate that by adding plastic strips in soil; shear strength, tensile
strength and California bearing ratio (CBR) value of the soil increases.
